The term “emerging technologies” is greatly used nowadays in scientific publications, but its conceptual competence is not clear. The term remains poorly studied, especially from a philosophical stance. The following text aims to bring clarity and discussion about the term. First, I critique previous usages of the term. Thereafter, I conduct a lexico-hermeneutical analysis by questioning what it means for technologies to be qualified as “emerging.” Finally, I contrast the term with the akin terms of invention, innovation, and new and (...) disruptive technologies. From the analysis, I defend the term has a conceptual value expressed through its leverage (both present and to come), ascendance, uncertainty, and materiality. “Emerging technologies” is becoming dominant because it overcomes the static and mythical term of “invention,” incorporating the social process meant by innovation; in other words, “emerging technologies” emphasizes the dynamic behaviour of technological development, while pointing towards concrete artefacts and procedures. (shrink)

The term “emerging technologies” is greatly used nowadays in scientific publications, but its conceptual competence is not clear. The term remains poorly studied, especially from a philosophical stance. The following text aims to bring clarity and discussion about the term. First, I critique previous usages of the term. Thereafter, I conduct a lexico-hermeneutical analysis by questioning what it means for technologies to be qualified as “emerging.” Finally, I contrast the term with the akin terms of invention, innovation, and new and (...) disruptive technologies. From the analysis, I defend the term has a conceptual value expressed through its leverage, ascendance, uncertainty, and materiality. “Emerging technologies” is becoming dominant because it overcomes the static and mythical term of “invention,” incorporating the social process meant by innovation; in other words, “emerging technologies” emphasizes the dynamic behaviour of technological development, while pointing towards concrete artefacts and procedures. (shrink)

1Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, 9 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TB, UKScience Without Laws Ronald Giere Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press 1999 x + 285 Hardback£17.50.

Nature connectedness is determined by the representation individuals have about themselves within nature. This concept is often studied in relation to the direct contact individuals have with natural environment, which according to some studies have demonstrated to generate positive effects by fostering a feeling of connecting and bonding with nature, as well as improving their wellbeing. The main focus of this study was to calculate and assess the relation between Nature Connectedness and wellbeing of participants. The methodological approach of this (...) research reaches quantitative data comparing results obtained from both samples, as well as correlations between the variables. The sample for this study was composed by two groups of university students. Both contrast group and experience group filled the questionnaire in two separate moments and in different environments. First data collection moment for both groups was held inside a university classroom. A second moment of data collection was carried out after a month from the first application, having the contrast group answer the questionnaire on a classroom again whilst the experience group responded it during an excursion to Isla Del Tiburon in Northwestern Mexico after performing some recreational activities being totally immersed in a local desertic environment. Questionnaire was composed by a 6 point Likert type scale measuring Nature Connectedness through concepts such as Nature relatedness and Love and care for the natural, as well as Subjective and Psychological Wellbeing of participants. Results show that both wellbeing and Nature Connectedness are positively influenced by performing activities out in the natural environment. This work was also conducted in response to the need to understand the full extent of Contact and Connectedness to nature, carrying out an exploratory study in desertic settings when much of the early work centers around the study of these variables in green nature environments. (shrink)

Depersonalization is characterised by a profound disruption of self-awareness mainly characterised by feelings of disembodiment and subjective emotional numbing.It has been proposed that depersonalization is caused by a fronto-limbic suppressive mechanism – presumably mediated via attention – which manifests subjectively as emotional numbing, and disables the process by which perception and cognition normally become emotionally coloured, giving rise to a subjective feeling of ‘unreality’.Our functional neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies support the above model and indicate that, compared with normal and clinical (...) controls, DPD patients show increased prefrontal activation as well as reduced activation in insula/limbic-related areas to aversive, arousing emotional stimuli.Although a putative inhibitory mechanism on emotional processing might account for the emotional numbing and characteristic perceptual detachment, it is likely, as suggested by some studies, that parietal mechanisms underpin feelings of disembodiment and lack of agency feelings. (shrink)

IntroductionThe idea of video recording in the operating room with panoramic cameras and microphones is a new concept that is changing the approach to medical activities in the OR. However, VR in the OR has brought up many concerns regarding patient privacy and has highlighted legal and ethical issues that were never previously exposed.AimTo review the literature concerning these aspects and provide a better ethical and legal understanding of the new challenges concerning VR in the OR.ConclusionsThere is a disparity between (...) the two main legal models concerning VR in the OR, namely the European legal system ) and the American legal framework ). This difference mainly deals with two distinct bioethical paradigms: GDPR places a strong emphasis on protecting patients’ privacy to improve the public health system, whereas HIPAA indicates the need to generate protocols to safeguard the risks connected to medical activity and patient privacy. Following from this point, we may argue that, at the ethical and bioethical level, GDPR and HIPAA depend mainly on two different ethical models: a perspective based on moral acquaintances and weak proceduralism, respectively. It is worth noting the importance of developing additional guidelines concerning different world regions to avoid the ethical problems that may emerge when simply applying a foreign paradigm to a very different culture. (shrink)

This paper presents some of the most promising ways wild animals are currently being helped, as well as other ways of helping that may be implemented easily in the near future. They include measures to save animals affected by harmful weather events, wild animal vaccination programs, and projects aimed at reducing suffering among synanthropic animals. The paper then presents other ways of helping wild animals that, while noncontroversial, may reduce aggregate suffering at the ecosystem level. The paper argues that impracticability (...) and normative objections against reducing wild animal suffering fail against these ways of helping wild animals. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo constituye una propuesta encaminada a dar respuesta a la necesidad social de la superación del profesor de Educación Física del Centro de Experiencia del Adulto Mayor. Se propone como objetivo fundamentar la estrategia para la superación del profesor de Educación Física dirigida a la rehabilitación acuática de los adultos mayores con limitaciones articulares, desde una visión de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Se reconoce la oportunidad que representa el empleo de las nuevas tecnologías como elemento que contribuye a (...) la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. La magnitud del reto exige la puesta en acción de todos los resortes con los que la sociedad cuenta, para la atención al envejecimiento, mediante diversos programas, cuya significación contribuye a fortalecer la identidad nacional, y a elevar la cultura general integral de los profesores hacia los adultos mayores lo cual repercutirá en la formación de una conciencia social, política y cultural. ABSTRACT The article constitutes a proposal directed to give answer to the social need for the self-improvement of the teacher of Physical Education of the Center of Experience of the Elder Adult. It proposes as objective: to base the strategy for the self-improvement of the teacher of Physical Education directed to the aquatic rehabilitation of the elderly with articular limitations, from a vision of science, technology and society. It is recognized the opportunity that represents the employment of the new technologies as element that contributes to the progress of the quality of life of the elderly. The magnitude of the challenge demands the putting in action of all the springs with which the society is provided, for the attention to the aging, by means of diverse programs, which significance helps to strengthen the national identity, and to raise the integral general culture of the teachers towards the elderly which will reverberate in the formation of a social, political and cultural conscience. (shrink)

El modelo de ser humano: homo oeconomicus, impuesto por la racionalidad económica capitalista, ha tenido en las dos últimas décadas una metamorfosis compleja, a saber, la formación de un tipo de subjetividad representada en la figura del “emprendedor” o “su propio jefe” que, desde una nueva gramática teológica, encarna un proyecto mercantil solapado y subrepticio que condiciona las relaciones entre sujetos. En razón a esto, el propósito de este texto es pensar dicha problemática desde el ejercicio hermenéutico-crítico que lleva a (...) cabo el joven Marx, para someter al análisis las categorías de culpa, deuda, sacrificio y expiación destacadas por Walter Benjamin, a la luz de la categoría esencia subjetiva de la propiedad privada que permita entender cómo el capitalismo se vale hoy de la teología y su lenguaje para continuar responsabilizando al ser humano de su pobreza, de su riqueza o su fracaso económico. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el problema triple (trilema) de Agripa que cuestiona la posibilidad de alcanzar una justificación epistemológica del conocimiento empírico. Una posible reconstrucción del problema es la que se apoya en el problema del regreso al infinito -uno de los modos de..

El estudio se centró en los textos de las resoluciones de acreditación de alta calidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia. La metodología condujo a un panorama descriptivo y posibilitó la construcción de categorías cualitativas que permitieron analizar fortalezas y debilidades. Los resultados evidencian la brecha urbano- rural; una tendencia de las instituciones oficiales a recibir más años de acreditación que las privadas y la no incidencia del carácter académico en el número de años de acreditación otorgados. Mejorar (...) las condiciones laborales de los profesores y atender las zonas rurales son prioridades que deben atender las políticas nacionales. (shrink)

The article turns to Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of state capitalism and their theorization of money and debt in their critique of capitalism to develop an analysis of the governmental management of the current crisis determined by ordo- and neoliberalism. The paper argues that analyses which fail to properly recognize the power of capital to determine both state apparatuses and economic policy thereby fail to grasp the real functioning of money, debt and the Euro in the crisis and end up (...) unwittingly supporting liberalism. This is true of positions such as heterodox theory that, though critical of conventional and neoliberal political economy, nevertheless continue to uphold the state as an independent or mediating mechanism in relation to the power of capital. The neglect of the role which money plays in the strategies of capital to control both the creation of value and the functioning of the state is to be found even in Foucault’s genealogy of neoliberalism, a neglect which undermines his analysis of power. The paper highlights the implications of the standpoint of state capitalism for a more incisive analysis of the current crisis that reveals what is at stake for political struggles. (shrink)

Consideraciones introductorias Presentamos aquí un avance de análisis de un proyecto de investigación sobre enseñanza y aprendizaje de la argumentación que realizamos observando clases de filosofía y de biología de seis profesores de cada disciplina en cuatro Liceos públicos y dos privados. Además organizamos actividades argumentativas de aula a comienzos y finales de los cursos en el año 2012, con el fin de observar los eventuales avances en lo argumentativo. Presentamos en este trabajo los (...) - Sciences de l'éducation et (...) de la formation – Nouvel article. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar la actualidad del binomio persona-naturaleza para fundamentar la unión hipostática de acuerdo con el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino. Ambos conceptos se necesitan mutuamente no sólo como la parte y el todo para fundar una Metafísica de la Encarnación, sino también para poder predicar las naturalezas del único supuesto de modo de no destruir la unidad personal de Cristo. De este modo, para el Aquinate, persona y naturaleza no sólo expresan nociones metafísicas, sino (...) también conceptos que se predican del único supuesto subsistente. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to show that Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Hermeneutic method is still topical andrelevant for research in the field of humanities. One of the arguments is that most of recent commentarieson his hermeneutic program are based in a “non-critical position” and reproduce the assumptions of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s “dominant reading”. This is the consequence of a lack of “critical editions” of the work ofSchleiermacher regarding Hermeneutics, an issue that has recently been compensated for with the publication of the (...) volume that collects his Vorlesungen zur Hermeneutik und Kritik, which includes numerous notes and additional material. Based on this critical edition, the article addresses some of his most important concepts, such as language, grammatical interpretation, technical or psychological interpretation, divinatory method, comparative method, hermeneutic circle of understanding, reconstruction of discourse, and interpretation as aninfinite task. It undertakes a conceptual analysis of the aforementioned collection and an interpretation that is not undermined by classical works of Hermeneutics. Finally, it offers some remarks regarding the novel possibilities of Schleiermacher’s philosophy for our time. (shrink)

The article seeks to investigate the role that censorship had in the history of modern Colombian theater during the decades from 1950 to 1980, on the basis of a journey through the trajectory of groups such as Candelaria, TEC and Escuela Municipal de Teatro, as well as its directors Santiago García, Enrique Buenaventura and Gilberto Martínez. The censorship usually came from government institutions, Church ministers, or educational institutions such as universities and colleges. In addition to the analysis of direct censorship (...) phenomena such as the prohibition of performances and the expulsion of members of theater formations, or more indirect ones such as red tape or excessive tax collection, we are interested in highlighting the strategies and practices of resistance and opposition generated by playwrights and theater groups during this time before the censorial actions and speeches. Among these strategies to fight censorship, we highlight the collectivization of structured cultural formations or guilds that brought together various theater groups at the national level, as was the case with the formation of the Colombian Theater Corporation. Collectivization was the strategy against power through which the theater guild fought to resist the repressive effects of censorship. It is necessary to shed light on the role that censorship played in the life of Colombian groups and theater in general. This approach will allow us to see the history of modern theater in Colombia as the history of resistance strategies against censorship and power. (shrink)

In the logic of theory change, the standard model is AGM, proposed by Alchourrón et al. (J Symb Log 50:510–530, 1985 ). This paper focuses on the extension of AGM that accounts for contractions of a theory by a set of sentences instead of only by a single sentence. Hansson (Theoria 55:114–132, 1989 ), Fuhrmann and Hansson (J Logic Lang Inf 3:39–74, 1994 ) generalized Partial Meet Contraction to the case of contractions by (possibly non-singleton) sets of sentences. In this (...) paper we present the possible worlds semantics for partial meet multiple contractions. (shrink)

El concepto de holismo ha adquirido una gran importancia en losúltimos análisis semánticos y epistémicos. Sin embargo, muchosde los filósofos que han utilizado este concepto no lo han definidocon claridad. El objeto de este artículo es intentar aclarar uno delos sentidos en los que este concepto puede ser entendido. Paraello me concentraré en las relaciones entre holismo y teorías empíricas. Haré uso de algunos de los elementos de la teoría estructuralistapropuesta por Moulines, Sneed y Balzer para dar cabalcuenta de cómo (...) se podría conciliar las tesis del holismo con lavisión estructuralista de las teorías científicas. (shrink)

El presente texto desea dar cuenta, a partir de aquellos aspectos fenomenológicos de la teoría del conocimiento de Thomas Hobbes, el fundamentoy justificación de la génesis del Estado civil. Sin lugar a dudas, serán la percepción o la intuición, lo sensible, la imaginación o la memoria, el lenguaje, el movimiento, el cómputo, el deseo, el miedo, entre otros, lo que lleva al sujeto a comprender su propia naturaleza y a partir de ella, a pactar con otros sujetos cediendo sus derechos (...) naturales a un tercero para dar fin al estado de naturaleza y poder conservar su vida y vivir en paz. (shrink)

Agrippa’s Problem: The purpose of this paper is to present the triple problem of Agrippa that questions the possibility of reaching an epistemological justification of empirical knowledge. A possible reconstruction of such problem is one that is based on the problem of the regresum ad infinitum –one of Agripa’s modes. In this paper, a reconstruction of this problem will be presented by means of a reduction ad absurdum argument. The attempts of solving the absurd lead to the remaining two modes (...) of Agrippa’s triple problem. (shrink)

This paper defends an inferential conception of scientific representation. It approaches the notion of representation in a deflationary spirit, and minimally characterizes the concept as it appears in science by means of two necessary conditions: its essential directionality and its capacity to allow surrogate reasoning and inference. The conception is defended by showing that it successfully meets the objections that make its competitors, such as isomorphism and similarity, untenable. In addition the inferential conception captures the objectivity of the cognitive representations (...) used by science, it sheds light on their truth and completeness, and it explains the source of the analogy between scientific and artistic modes of representation. (shrink)

I argue against theories that attempt to reduce scientific representation to similarity or isomorphism. These reductive theories aim to radically naturalize the notion of representation, since they treat scientist's purposes and intentions as non-essential to representation. I distinguish between the means and the constituents of representation, and I argue that similarity and isomorphism are common but not universal means of representation. I then present four other arguments to show that similarity and isomorphism are not the constituents of scientific representation. I (...) finish by looking at the prospects for weakened versions of these theories, and I argue that only those that abandon the aim to radically naturalize scientific representation are likely to be successful. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza las fórmulas predominantes para la formación de la propiedad inmobiliaria eclesiástica en Sevilla entre los siglos xiii y xv, a partir de los datos de instituciones, como la Catedral, la colegial del Salvador, conventos y hospitales. En la citada formación tuvieron un papel importante las donaciones, pero en algunos casos predominaron las compras o las transmisiones hereditarias. En el caso de las donaciones, se analiza la procedencia social de los donantes.

From Realism to "Realicism" is a unique critical study of Peirce's metaphysics, and his repeated insistence on the realism of the medieval schoolman as the key to understanding his own system. By tracing the problem of universals beginning with its Greek roots, Rosa Maria Perez-Teran Mayorga provides the necessary yet underrepresented background of moderate realism and Peirce's eventual revision of metaphysics.

Social commerce as a subset of e-commerce has been emerged in part due to the popularity of social networking sites. Social commerce brings new challenges to marketing activities. And social commerce transactions like e-commerce transactions can be dangerous and cause harmful losses to personal finances, time, and information privacy. This article examines ethical issues and consumer assessments of the risks of using an e-service and how risk affects consumer evaluations and usage of Internet-based services and self-service technologies. Results from two (...) surveys totaling 1024 consumers indicated that as usage risk concerns increased, the perceived usefulness of an e-service and intention to use it decreased. Additionally as usage risk concerns increased the effect of subjective norm on PU and intention to use an e-service strengthened, and the effect of perceived ease of use on PU and intention to use an e-service weakened. These findings advance theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of how consumers evaluate new e-services, new commerce systems and settings, and self-service technologies in the social commerce era. (shrink)

O artigo procura construir uma questão no interior da filosofia kantiana, por meiodos conceitos de esclarecimento e autonomia, acerca da necessidade de se compreender oprojeto crítico também como um projeto político. Para isso, no entanto, torna-senecessário confrontar certa tradição contemporânea, que remonta a Hegel e chega aHabermas, em que a ideia de crítica é vista como um elemento vazio e passivo (na medidaem que está centrada na abstração da lei moral). Trata-se, então, de apontar para umaleitura em que a faculdade (...) de julgar prática, em sua atividade reflexionante e determinante,unificaria elementos políticos e jurídicos que encontrariam sua contrapartida nachamada “época da crítica”. (shrink)

This text responds to Ramsey’s defence of the lecture format based on a hermeneutic of dwelling as presented in his paper ‘Letters on the hermeneutic education of dwelling’. For him, good lecturers should create a place in-between where they promote a disclosure of consequences and conditions of possibility of tradition: under the lecturer’s guidance, a lecture should be an open letter to their students. The main point of my critique is not related to his apologia for the lecture, but instead (...) to the insufficiency of the traditional hermeneutic discourse to accentuate its singularity – for instance, as the presence of a voice. In my response, the lecture is not only to be understood as an open letter (a text) but also as a non-dialectical correspondence, or rather as the cadence and reverberation of enthusiasm (éntheous). (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo a seguir tem como objetivo expor o pensamento hermenêutico de Friedrich Schleiermacher, levando em conta o contexto germinativo fértil de sua obra e sua influente posição filosófica, no âmbito do “primeiro romantismo alemão”. Schleiermacher renuncia a um importante fundamento transcendental a-histórico, em favor de uma compreensão situada, a qual se configura através do diálogo. A hipótese central deste artigo alerta que o desenvolvimento paralelo e sistemático das lições sobre ética, dialética e hermenêutica, em Schleiermacher, não é mera (...) coincidência, muito menos um sintoma isolado, senão que revela um projeto de caráter orgânico. Por um lado, será examinado - à luz de seus textos - o papel da linguagem como variável histórica e social para a compreensão e, por outro, algumas reflexões sobre as novas possibilidades de seu método hermenêutico e suas implicações, para a reflexão filosófica contemporânea.: The following article aims to expose the hermeneutic thought by Friedrich Schleiermacher, considering the fertile germinal context of his work and his influential philosophical position within the framework of “early romanticism”. Schleiermacher renounces an ahistorical transcendental foundation in favor of a situated understanding, which is configured through dialog. The central hypothesis of this article warns that the parallel and systematic development of the lessons on ethics, dialectics and hermeneutics in Schleiermacher is not a mere coincidence, much less an isolated symptom, but reveals a project of an organic nature. On the one hand, it is examined -in the light of their texts- the role of language as a historical and social variable for understanding and, on the other hand, some reflections on the new possibilities of his hermeneutical method and its consequences for contemporary philosophical reflection. (shrink)

Francisco Suárez claims that forms may be efficient causes. There is an action whose proximate efficient cause is a substantial form, namely, the natural resulting. Also a substantial form is the principal efficient cause of the eduction of other forms, although it causes this through the substance’s own accidents. The souls insofar as substantial forms participate of both features. However, they pose a new complexity because of the actions they are exclusively principles of, namely vital actions. This kind of actions (...) may seem no different from natural resulting, if vitality is mainly described as some sort of immanence. However, there is a Suarezian approach to vital actions that does not rely completely on the immanence and therefore allows to consider souls as efficient causes without turning their actions into natural. (shrink)

Scientific representation is a currently booming topic, both in analytical philosophy and in history and philosophy of science. The analytical inquiry attempts to come to terms with the relation between theory and world; while historians and philosophers of science aim to develop an account of the practice of model building in the sciences. This article provides a review of recent work within both traditions, and ultimately argues for a practice-based account of the means employed by scientists to effectively achieve representation (...) in the modelling sciences. (shrink)

La migración, tanto intra-ístmica como trans-ístmica, ha marcado la vida de millones de centroamericanos a finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI. Este ensayo analiza dos obras representativas del reciente subgénero narrativo de la migración centroamericana: la novela The Tattooed Soldier (El soldado tatuado, 1998), de Héctor Tobar, y el largometraje El camino (2007), dirigido por Ishtar Yasin. En él se arguye que ambos textos abordan la migración de ciudadanos centroamericanos mediante una estrategia narrativa identificada como “violencia circular (...) desterritorializada”. En este sentido, la violencia inicial (nacional, territorializada) migra junto a los protagonistas hacia los países receptores, transformándose en un fenómeno transnacional y desterritorializado. Debido al carácter transnacional y circular de esta violencia, los personajes no logran escapar de ella y más bien terminan en peores circunstancias después de migrar a la supuesta “tierra prometida”. Por medio de esta estrategia narrativa, The Tattooed Soldier y El camino critican la forma en que los centroamericanos más vulnerables han sido víctimas de una violencia estructural e institucionalizada que se extiende más allá del territorio nacional y cuyo origen y causa común es la desigualdad socioeconómica y la precariedad que marcan a estos individuos antes y después de convertirse en migrantes. (shrink)

El artículo estudia los imaginarios construidos alrededor de la América salvaje, como contraparte del ideal civilizatorio de la cultura occidental. Propone reconstruir sus huellas a partir de la literatura, y especialmente, en la obra de Jack Kerouac. Sus novelas, inspiradas en el motivo del viaje y en la fuga hacia lo exótico, sirven para recomponer la representación de las relaciones entre la América del norte y Centroamérica, pero también con América del Sur, relaciones asociadas a la fábula de un mundo (...) de aventuras, inhóspito y desconocido. (shrink)

Resumen: En el presente artículo se pretende, junto con ampliar las referencias de interpretación y caracterización del pensamiento social y político de la Edad Media, rastrear, por medio de los aportes de Marsilio de Padua, las posibles fuentes o referencias que, en el contexto de las discusiones de los siglos XIII-XIV, pueden verse contenidas en los márgenes de las fundamentaciones de las democracias contemporáneas, incluyendo, para el caso, las discusiones en torno al liberalismo político y el imperativo del pluralismo.: Through (...) the works of Marsilius of Padua we trace sources and references that, in the context of thirteenth and fourteenth century discussions, may be seen on the margins of the foundations of contemporary democracy. The article discusses arguments related to political liberalism, the imperative of pluralism, and a broadening of the characterization of the social and political thinking of the Middle Ages. (shrink)